Optometry Club

 Step 1: Patient Assessment The first step in the clinical refraction procedure is to assess the patient's visual acuity and gather relevant information about their ocular health. The optometrist or ophthalmologist will ask the patient about their symptoms, medical history, and any previous eye conditions or surgeries. They may also perform preliminary tests, such as measuring the patient's intraocular pressure and examining the external structures of the eye. Step 2: Preliminary Measurements Next, the practitioner will perform several measurements to evaluate the patient's refractive error. This includes determining the degree of myopia (nearsightedness) and the presence of any astigmatism (irregular curvature of the cornea). The most common tools used in this step are the autorefractor and the keratometer. - Autorefractor: This device measures the refractive error by projecting a series of light beams into the eye and analyzing the reflection. It provides an initial estim

 Nyctalopia, commonly known as night blindness, is a condition characterized by reduced or impaired vision in low light conditions or at night. People with nyctalopia typically experience difficulty seeing or navigating in dimly lit environments. While they may have normal vision during daylight or in well-lit areas, their visual acuity diminishes when lighting levels are low. Nyctalopia can be caused by various factors, including: 1. Vitamin A deficiency: Inadequate intake of vitamin A, either through diet or malabsorption, can lead to night blindness. 2. Retinitis pigmentosa: This is a genetic disorder in which the light-sensitive cells in the retina (rods and cones) degenerate over time, resulting in poor night vision and eventual loss of peripheral vision. 3. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens in the eye can cause blurred vision and difficulty seeing in low light conditions. 4. Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss, including