Deep Keratitis: Understanding and Managing a Sight-Threatening Corneal Infection

Introduction 

Deep keratitis is a serious infection of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms penetrate deep into the corneal tissue, causing inflammation and damage to the cornea. This condition can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and management of deep keratitis.

Causes 

Deep keratitis is caused by bacterial or fungal infections of the cornea. Common causes include bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, and fungal infections such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. Risk factors for developing deep keratitis include contact lens wear, ocular surface disease, and a compromised immune system.

Symptoms 

Symptoms of deep keratitis can include:

  • Pain and redness in the affected eye
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Blurred vision
  • A feeling of "gritty" or "scratchy" sensation in the eye
  • Watering or discharge from the eye
  • Small, round, white or gray-white spots on the cornea
  • Ulceration or perforation of the cornea

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis of deep keratitis is typically made based on the symptoms and a physical examination of the eye. Your doctor may use a microscope to examine the cornea and may also take a sample of fluid from the eye to test for the presence of bacteria or fungi. A culture of the sample can help determine the exact type of infection and the appropriate treatment.

Treatment 

Treatment for deep keratitis typically involves a combination of topical and oral antibiotics, and antifungal medications. In severe cases, a surgical procedure may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and prevent the spread of the infection. Treatment can be prolonged, often taking several months to complete, and even then, some patients may not fully recover their vision.

Prevention 

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing deep keratitis:

  • Always clean and disinfect your contact lenses and cases as per the manufacturer's instructions
  • Avoid swimming or showering while wearing contact lenses
  • Avoid using tap water to clean or store your lenses
  • Do not wear contact lenses if your eyes are red, irritated, or infected
  • Seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of deep keratitis

Conclusion 

Deep keratitis is a serious infection of the cornea that can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. It is caused by bacterial or fungal infections and is most commonly associated with contact lens wear. Proper care of contact lenses, including cleaning and disinfecting them as per the manufacturer's instructions, can help reduce the risk of infection. If you experience any symptoms of deep keratitis, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent vision loss.

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