Lattice Dystrophy: Understanding and Managing a Progressive Eye Condition

Introduction 

Lattice Dystrophy is a rare, inherited corneal disorder characterized by the formation of a grid-like pattern of small, white, raised lesions on the cornea, called "lattice lines". These lattice lines can cause a variety of visual symptoms and can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and management of Lattice Dystrophy.

Causes 

Lattice Dystrophy is caused by mutations in the TGFBI gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein called keratoepithelin, which is essential for the normal development and maintenance of the cornea. When the TGFBI gene is mutated, the keratoepithelin protein is abnormal, and it can form lattice lines on the cornea. There are several subtypes of Lattice Dystrophy, each caused by different mutations in the TGFBI gene.

Symptoms 

Symptoms of Lattice Dystrophy can include:

  • The appearance of a grid-like pattern of small, white, raised lesions on the cornea, called "lattice lines"
  • Cloudy or hazy vision
  • Blurred vision
  • Sensitivity to light
  • The feeling of a foreign body in the eye
  • Redness or irritation of the eye
  • The feeling of a "gritty" sensation in the eye
  • Episodes of severe eye pain
  • Progressive vision loss

Diagnosis 

Lattice Dystrophy is typically diagnosed based on the appearance of the characteristic lattice lines on the cornea and a physical examination of the eye. Your doctor may use a microscope to examine the cornea and may also use a variety of other diagnostic tools such as a corneal topography, a pachymetry, and a corneal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment 

Treatment for Lattice Dystrophy will vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, treatment may involve the use of artificial tears and ointments to keep the eye lubricated and reduce the risk of corneal erosions. In more severe cases, treatment may involve the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and topical immunosuppressants to reduce the activity of the cells that produce lattice lines. In some cases, surgery such as a keratectomy or corneal transplantation may be necessary to improve vision and manage symptoms.

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