Mechanism of Neovascularization

 Neovascularization is the process of forming new blood vessels. In the context of diabetic retinopathy, neovascularization refers to the growth of new blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

The mechanism of neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy is complex and not fully understood. It is thought to be triggered by the damage to the blood vessels in the retina caused by high blood sugar levels. This damage leads to a decrease in the oxygen and nutrients supplied to the retina, which activates certain signaling pathways that stimulate the growth of new blood vessels.

The new blood vessels that form in the retina during neovascularization are fragile and prone to bleeding, which can cause vision loss or blindness if left untreated. In addition, the new blood vessels may grow into the vitreous, the gel-like substance in the center of the eye, which can lead to the development of scar tissue and further vision loss.

The development of neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy is often associated with the more severe form of the condition, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). PDR is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina and is a leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes.

Overall, neovascularization is a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy that can lead to vision loss if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preserving vision in people with diabetic retinopathy.

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