Phlyctenular Keratitis: Understanding and Managing a Sight-Threatening Inflammation

Introduction 

Phlyctenular keratitis is a type of immune-mediated inflammation of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. It is characterized by the formation of small, raised, white or gray-white bumps called phlyctenules on the cornea. This condition can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and management of Phlyctenular keratitis.

Causes 

Phlyctenular keratitis is caused by an immune reaction to a bacterial or viral infection, or to an allergen. The exact cause of the immune reaction is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to a dysfunction in the immune system.

Risk Factors 

Phlyctenular keratitis is more common in children and young adults and is more common in people with a history of atopy, such as asthma and eczema. People with a compromised immune system or those who have recently had a bacterial or viral infection are also at an increased risk of developing the condition.

Symptoms 

Symptoms of Phlyctenular keratitis can include:

  • Pain and redness in the affected eye
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Blurred vision
  • A feeling of "gritty" or "scratchy" sensation in the eye
  • Watering or discharge from the eye
  • Small, raised, white or gray-white bumps on the cornea

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis of Phlyctenular keratitis is typically made based on the symptoms and a physical examination of the eye. Your doctor may use a microscope to examine the cornea and may also take a sample of fluid from the eye to test for the presence of bacteria or viruses.

Treatment 

Treatment for Phlyctenular keratitis typically involves the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent scarring. In some cases, a topical antibiotic may also be prescribed to treat any underlying bacterial infection. In severe cases, oral antibiotics or immunosuppressive medications may be necessary. Treatment for Phlyctenular keratitis can take several weeks or even months to achieve resolution.

Prevention 

There is no surefire way to prevent Phlyctenular keratitis, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

  • Maintaining a healthy immune system by eating a balanced diet, getting enough rest, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
  • Getting prompt treatment for bacterial or viral infections
  • Avoiding contact with known allergens

Conclusion 

Phlyctenular keratitis is a type of immune-mediated inflammation of the cornea that can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. It is caused by an immune reaction to a bacterial or viral infection, or to an allergen. Treatment typically involves the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent scarring. While it is not possible to prevent Phlyctenular keratitis, maintaining a healthy immune system and avoiding known allergens can reduce the risk of developing the condition. If you experience any symptoms of Phlyctenular keratitis, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent vision loss.

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