Photophthalmia: Understanding and Managing Sun-Induced Eye Damage

Introduction 

Photophthalmia, also known as photokeratitis or ultraviolet (UV) keratitis, is a condition that results from excessive exposure to UV rays from the sun or other sources. This condition can cause damage to the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, and can lead to serious vision problems if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and management of photophthalmia.

Causes 

Photophthalmia is caused by excessive exposure to UV rays from the sun or other sources. It can occur from spending prolonged periods of time in the sun, particularly during the peak UV hours between 10 am and 4 pm, or from exposure to artificial UV sources such as tanning beds.

Risk Factors 

Individuals who spend a lot of time outdoors, such as athletes, outdoor workers, and beachgoers, are at an increased risk of developing photophthalmia. Additionally, people who live in areas with high levels of UV radiation, such as high altitudes or near the equator, are also at a higher risk.

Symptoms 

Symptoms of photophthalmia can include:

  • Pain and redness in the eyes
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Blurred vision
  • A feeling of "gritty" or "scratchy" sensation in the eyes
  • Watering or discharge from the eyes
  • Small, round, white or gray-white spots on the cornea

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis of photophthalmia is typically made based on the symptoms and a physical examination of the eyes. Your doctor may use a microscope to examine the cornea and may also take a sample of fluid from the eye to test for the presence of bacteria or viruses.

Treatment 

Treatment for photophthalmia typically involves the use of over-the-counter pain relievers and artificial tears to relieve discomfort and promote healing.

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