Proliferative diabetic Retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious and potentially sight-threatening complication of diabetes. It occurs when the damaged blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, close off and new, abnormal blood vessels grow in their place. These new blood vessels are fragile and prone to bleeding, which can cause vision loss or even blindness if left untreated.

PDR is the more severe form of diabetic retinopathy, and it is a more advanced stage of the condition. It usually follows nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), which is the milder form of the condition and is characterized by leaking blood vessels and swelling in the retina.

There are several risk factors for developing PDR, including having poorly controlled blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, and a family history of the condition. People with type 1 diabetes and those who have had diabetes for a long time are also at a higher risk.

PDR usually has no symptoms in its early stages, so regular eye exams are important for people with diabetes. During an eye exam, an eye care professional will dilate the pupils and examine the retina for any signs of damage. If PDR is detected, treatment is necessary to prevent further vision loss.

Treatment for PDR may include laser surgery to destroy the abnormal blood vessels and prevent them from bleeding, or a procedure called a vitrectomy, in which the eye surgeon removes the blood from the eye and replaces it with a clear fluid. In addition to these treatments, it is important for people with diabetes to manage their blood sugar levels and blood pressure to help prevent the development or progression of PDR. This may involve taking medications, following a healthy diet and exercise plan, and regularly checking blood sugar levels.

It is also important for people with diabetes to have regular eye exams to detect PDR as early as possible. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of vision loss and help preserve vision.

Overall, PDR is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. However, with regular eye exams and proper management of diabetes, the risk of developing PDR can be greatly reduced.

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