Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Erythema Multiforme

 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Erythema Multiforme (EM) are two rare, serious skin reactions that can occur as a result of an infection, medication, or other underlying condition. Both conditions are characterized by skin rash and can also affect the eyes, mucous membranes, and internal organs. However, there are some key differences between the two conditions. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for SJS and EM, as well as ways to manage the condition.

Causes of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme

SJS and EM are both caused by an abnormal immune response to an infection, medication, or other underlying condition. SJS is a more severe form of EM, and is characterized by the presence of blisters and sores on the skin and mucous membranes.

The most common causes of SJS and EM are medication reactions, particularly with antibiotics and anti-seizure medications. Other causes can include infections such as herpes simplex virus, respiratory infections, and certain underlying medical conditions.

Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Erythema Multiforme

Symptoms of SJS and EM can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Both conditions are characterized by skin rash and can also affect the eyes, mucous membranes, and internal organs.

SJS symptoms include a fever, sore throat, fatigue, and a red or purple rash that spreads and forms blisters. These blisters can then turn into brown or black scabs. The eyes, mouth, and genitals can also be affected, leading to redness, discharge, and vision changes.

EM symptoms include a red or purple rash that resembles a target or bull's-eye, with raised red rings surrounding pale centers. The rash can be itchy and painful. The eyes, mouth, and genitals can also be affected, leading to redness, discharge, and vision changes.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of SJS and EM is typically made through a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. A skin biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for SJS and EM typically involves stopping any medications that may be causing the reaction, and treating any underlying infection or condition. Corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation, and in severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide supportive care and prevent complications.

Prognosis and Management

The prognosis of SJS and EM varies depending on the severity of the condition and promptness of treatment. In severe cases, SJS and EM can be life-threatening and can lead to permanent skin and eye damage. Close monitoring and management by a dermatologist and ophthalmologist is important for patients with SJS and EM to prevent complications.

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