Treatment of Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

 

Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is a degenerative condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. ARMD is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness in people over the age of 60. The treatment for ARMD depends on the type and stage of the condition.

Treatment of Dry ARMD

Dry ARMD is the most common form of the condition and occurs when the macula's light-sensitive cells and supporting tissue deteriorate. Treatment options for dry ARMD may include:

  • Vitamin and mineral supplements: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) found that taking a specific combination of vitamins and minerals can slow the progression of dry ARMD. These supplements include Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta-carotene, Zinc and Copper.
  • Low vision aids: These devices can help to magnify or enhance images, making it easier to read or perform other tasks that require fine visual detail.
  • Rehabilitation: Low vision rehabilitation can help patients to adjust to their vision loss and learn how to perform daily activities with limited vision.

Treatment of Wet ARMD

Wet ARMD is a more advanced form of the condition and occurs when new blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, causing vision loss. Treatment options for wet ARMD may include:

  • Anti-VEGF therapy: This treatment involves injecting a medication called anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) into the eye. Anti-VEGF therapy helps to block the growth of new blood vessels and reduce the leakage of fluid or blood.
  • Photodynamic therapy: This treatment involves injecting a light-sensitive dye into the bloodstream, which is absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the retina. A laser is then used to activate the dye, which destroys the abnormal blood vessels.
  • Laser therapy: This treatment uses a laser beam to seal off leaking blood vessels and prevent further damage to the retina.

Prognosis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

The prognosis for ARMD depends on the type and stage of the condition. In the early stages of the condition, vision loss can be prevented with proper treatment and management. In the advanced stages of the condition, the damage to the retina may be irreversible and the patient may experience permanent vision loss or blindness.

Conclusion

Age-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is a degenerative condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. ARMD is the leading cause of severe vision loss and blindness in people over the age of 60. Treatment options for ARMD depend on the type and stage of the condition, and may include vitamin and mineral supplements, low vision aids, rehabilitation, anti-VEGF therapy, photodynamic therapy, and laser therapy. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, patients can reduce the risk of vision loss and blindness.

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