What is Hypertensive Retinopathy?

Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition that occurs when high blood pressure damages the blood vessels in the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. The condition can lead to vision loss and other complications123.

The acute effects of systemic arterial hypertension are a result of vasospasm to autoregulate perfusion. The chronic effects of hypertension are caused by arteriosclerosis and predispose patients to visual loss from complications of vascular occlusions or macroaneurysms1.

Symptoms of hypertensive retinopathy include blurred vision, headaches, and eye discomfort2. The condition may be asymptomatic initially but eventually may notice vision problems2. The major risk factors for hypertensive retinopathy include high blood pressure, age, and smoking2.

Diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy is done during examination of the retina (innermost layer of the eyeball). Visual acuity test, pupil dilation, ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiogram are some of the tests used to diagnose the condition1.

Treatment of hypertensive retinopathy depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not require immediate treatment but are monitored and careful management of hypertension is advised. Advanced cases need treatment which may be either medical or surgical. Medication and laser treatment are some of the treatment options available1.

In order to prevent complications of hypertension such as hypertensive retinopathy, it is important to modify your diet so as to control the blood pressure levels, exercise regularly, pay attention to any visual changes, treat hypertension, and avoid smoking2.

Hypertensive retinopathy is a serious condition that can lead to vision loss and blindness. It is important to manage hypertension carefully and seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of the condition123.


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