Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)


Introduction 

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. The condition is characterized by the gradual deterioration of the macula, a small area of the retina responsible for central vision. There are two main types of ARMD: dry and wet. Wet ARMD, also known as exudative ARMD, is less common but more severe than dry ARMD, and is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which can leak fluid and blood and cause damage to the macula.

Symptoms 

Wet ARMD typically progresses more rapidly than dry ARMD and can cause significant vision loss in a short period of time. Symptoms of wet ARMD include sudden loss of central vision, distorted vision, difficulty reading, recognizing faces, or performing other tasks that require fine vision, and a rapid progression of blind spots in central vision.

Risk Factors 

The most significant risk factor for developing wet ARMD is age. Other risk factors include a family history of the condition, smoking, high blood pressure, and exposure to UV light. Individuals with dry ARMD are also at an increased risk of developing wet ARMD.

Diagnosis 

A comprehensive eye exam is typically used to diagnose wet ARMD. This exam may include tests such as a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and a fluorescein angiography.

Treatment 

While there is currently no cure for wet ARMD, there are several treatment options available to slow the progression of the condition and preserve vision. These include:

  • Anti-VEGF therapy: This involves injecting a medication into the eye that blocks the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
  • Photodynamic therapy: This involves injecting a light-sensitive dye into the bloodstream, followed by shining a special light into the eye to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
  • Laser therapy: This involves using a laser to destroy abnormal blood vessels and reduce the risk of bleeding.

Prognosis 

The prognosis for wet ARMD varies depending on the severity of the condition, the individual's age and overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment. With early detection and prompt treatment, many individuals with wet ARMD are able to preserve their vision. However, in some cases, the condition may progress rapidly and cause severe vision loss.

Conclusion 

Wet age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a severe form of the condition that can cause significant vision loss in a short period of time. While there is currently no cure, there are several treatment options available to slow the progression of the condition and preserve vision. Individuals at risk for wet ARMD should have regular eye exams and take steps to reduce their risk factors. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to preserving vision in individuals with wet ARMD.

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