LASERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Lasers have become an important tool in the field of ophthalmology for the diagnosis and treatment of various eye conditions. They are used to correct vision problems, treat eye diseases and injuries, and perform surgical procedures.

One of the most commonly used laser procedures in ophthalmology is laser refractive surgery, also known as laser eye surgery. This procedure uses a laser to reshape the cornea, the clear outer surface of the eye, in order to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. The most popular types of laser refractive surgery are LASIK and PRK. LASIK uses a laser to cut a small flap in the cornea and then reshape the underlying tissue. PRK is similar, but the laser is used to reshape the surface of the cornea rather than cutting a flap.

Another commonly used laser procedure in ophthalmology is laser photocoagulation. This procedure uses a laser to seal off leaking blood vessels and to reduce the risk of bleeding. It is used to treat diabetic retinopathy, a condition in which high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina. Laser photocoagulation can prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy and reduce the risk of vision loss.

Laser photodynamic therapy is a treatment that uses a laser in combination with a photosensitizing drug to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition that causes the formation of new blood vessels in the retina that can lead to vision loss. The drug is injected into the bloodstream and is absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels. The laser is then used to activate the drug, which causes the blood vessels to shrink and stop leaking.

Laser therapy can also be used to treat certain types of age-related macular degeneration, a condition that causes damage to the macula, the central portion of the retina. The procedure uses a laser to create a small burn on the retina, which can help to stop the growth of new blood vessels and reduce the risk of vision loss.

In addition to these, laser therapy is also used in the treatment of other eye conditions such as retinal detachment, choroidal neovascularization and some forms of eye cancer.

It's important to note that laser treatment is not a substitute for a comprehensive eye exam. An eye exam should be done regularly to detect and treat any eye problem as soon as possible.

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